The Egyptian state’s continued and worsening crackdown on academic research is hindering its goals of expanding knowledge for economic development.

Instead of addressing glaring security deficits, Sisi has focused on escalating the government crackdown on what remains of Egypt’s opposition.

Since President Sisi has taken office, an unprecedented government crackdown has rendered large parts of the country without any independent human rights groups.

Despite unprecedented repression and media censorship, Sisi has faced on average five times as many protests as Mubarak did between 2008 and 2010.