Great power competition between the United States and both Russia and China, the return of war and nuclear threats to Europe, and the emergence of new technologies have created a turning point in Germany. In Berlin, policymakers are discussing potential adaptations to Germany's nuclear policies.

Germans are debating nuclear deterrence—again.

The timing has never been better. But without long-term funding, the strategy will fail.

A comprehensive look at Germany’s nuclear weapons policies in the twenty-first century.

Past German governments have relied on Russian gas and the U.S. security umbrella. With Putin’s war in Ukraine and the prospects of a Trump presidency, Berlin needs a strategic mindset to lead Europe.

In 2023, Germany’s foreign policy evolved considerably. The country adopted its first national security strategy and took decisive action to align its positions more closely with those of its allies.