Some analysts have suggested that the 2010 elections are being contested on a non-sectarian basis, or at least a less sectarian basis than the 2005 elections. Indeed, the idea that confessionalism and sectarianism are decreasing in Iraq has been gaining acceptance since the 2009 provincial elections.
The reality is more complicated. It is true that all major electoral alliances—with the exception of the Kurdish one—include parties and individuals representing a variety of ethnic or confessional groups. But the parties that enter into those alliances are organized predominately on an ethnic or confessional basis. Furthermore, the so-called non-confessional alliances usually contain a dominant party or parties clearly identified with one group, plus a number of minor organizations with a different identity.
Thus, Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki’s Rule of Law Coalition is dominated by Dawa, an important Shi’i organization, and a number of Sunni and Kurdish organizations that are much less well established in their respective communities. For example, Kurds in the Rule of Law coalition are not represented by a major organization, but by a rather obscure one that draws support mostly from the minority of Kurds who are Shi’a. Similarly, the Iraqi National Alliance, which includes all major Shi’i parties except Dawa, is also reaching out to other groups, but remains predominantly a Shi’i alliance.
So far, no alliance has emerged that brings together major Shi’i, Sunni, and Kurdish parties.
[T]here is a widespread expectation that the alliances now being formed will not survive after the elections.
There are two notable exceptions to this pattern of lopsided non-confessional alliances. Kurds are explicitly playing the ethnic card, and appealing to Kurdish voters; and the secular Iraqi National Movement has brought together well-known figures from both the Shi’i and the Sunni spectrum, including former prime minister Iyad Allawi, Iraqi Front for National Dialogue head Saleh al-Mutlaq, parliamentary speaker Mahmoud al-Mashhadani, and Vice President Tareq al-Hashemi. Yet this seems an alliance of convenience by people dissatisfied with previous associations, rather than a new political grouping whose members share a common and lasting agenda.
That is why there is a widespread expectation that the alliances now being formed will not survive after the elections. Even if some do, it is difficult to see how uneasy groupings of organizations and individuals playing their disparate confessional cards can result in a non-sectarian outcome.
