• Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Global logoCarnegie lettermark logo
DemocracyIran
  • Donate
Democratic Crossroads cover
Book
Carnegie Europe

Democratic Crossroads: Transformations in Twenty First-Century Politics

After more than a decade of democratic regression, three major crises have acted to reshape global politics in recent years: climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic and its economic legacy, and geopolitical conflict.

Link Copied
By Richard Youngs
Published on Sep 3, 2024

Additional Links

Softcover - $29.95Hardback - $99.00Kindle - $28.45
Program mobile hero image

Program

Democracy, Conflict, and Governance

The Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program is a leading source of independent policy research, writing, and outreach on global democracy, conflict, and governance. It analyzes and seeks to improve international efforts to reduce democratic backsliding, mitigate conflict and violence, overcome political polarization, promote gender equality, and advance pro-democratic uses of new technologies.

Learn More

After more than a decade of democratic regression, three major crises have acted to reshape global politics in recent years: climate change, the Covid-19 pandemic and its economic legacy, and geopolitical conflict. In Democratic Crossroads, Richard Youngs argues these crises are altering the balance between democratic and authoritarian dynamics around the world. While they add to the strains on democracy, they are also awakening a momentum of democratic resilience and renewal.

He argues that to deal with the era's momentous challenges, democratic politics need a major boost and reboot. Without stronger commitments to uphold and improve democratic norms and practices, democracy may not weather these challenges. As Youngs shows, far-reaching democratic innovation that gives citizens effective influence over epoch-defining matters will help ensure that democratic values are more vigorously defended. In a moment of pivotal change, this book explains how democracies can become more resilient and highlights the key factors that will determine democracy's fortunes in the future.

Advance Reviews

"Amidst the breathless headlines about the global state of democracy, Richard Youngs has given us the rarest of goods--a work of nuance and qualified optimism. While the book dissects the unprecedented global challenges buffeting democracy, including climate change and the return of geopolitical conflict, it keenly explores the opportunities that they have opened for democratic renewal. Here is a timely call to rethink the role of the state and the parameters of liberalism if the democratic project is to emerge reenergized for a new era."
-- Kevin Casas-Zamora, Secretary General International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), former Vice President of Costa Rica

"In this original and challenging book, Youngs teases out the ways in which crises are not automatically bad for democracy and can even open up opportunities for its renewal. He invites us to view our age of turmoil as one of relentless change that threatens incumbent governments, ideas, and structures of all varieties, democratic and authoritarian alike."
-- Mark Malloch-Brown, President of Open Society Foundations

"The challenges to democracy are constantly evolving, and so are the possibilities for democracy to innovate and adapt. In this fascinating and timely study, democracy scholar Richard Youngs probes the impact of three global crises: climate change, COVID-19, and the new geopolitics of authoritarian aggression. He shows how these challenges are stimulating both stronger and more resolute action by democratic states and 'a new spirit of civic micropolitics' at the local level. In tracing state and societal responses across the globe, Youngs provides a refreshing counter to the current mood of pessimism about democratic decline."
-- Larry Diamond, Hoover Institution

"A trumpet blast against resignation and pessimism: a spirited defence of a new democratic politics of curbing ecological destruction, social injustice, and disastrous wars."
-- John Keane, University of Sydney, author of The Life and Death of Democracy

About the Author

Richard Youngs

Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Richard Youngs is a senior fellow in the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, based at Carnegie Europe. He works on EU foreign policy and on issues of international democracy.

    Recent Work

  • Commentary
    The EU Needs a Third Way in Iran

      Richard Youngs

  • Paper
    European Democracy Support Annual Review 2025
      • Elena-Viudes-Egea
      • +6

      Richard Youngs, ed., Elena Viudes Egea, Zselyke Csaky, …

Richard Youngs
Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Richard Youngs
Democracy

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

  • Pashinyan shaking hands
    Commentary
    Emissary
    At Stake in Armenia’s Election: Peace and Russian Influence

    Regardless of the outcome, there’s another path to ensuring that progress doesn’t stall.

      Zaur Shiriyev

  • Europe flags citizens demonstration
    Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    EU Enlargement Forgets Europeans

    Preparing candidate countries for EU membership is no longer enough. As the enlargement process becomes a reality, the union must also prepare its own societies.

      Iliriana Gjoni

  • Commentary
    Strategic Europe
    Taking the Pulse: Was it Right to Boycott Eurovision?

    Five countries staged the biggest political boycott in Eurovision history over Israel’s participation. With the FIFA World Cup and other sporting or cultural touchstones on the horizon, are boycotts effective?

      • Rym Momtaz

      Rym Momtaz, ed.

  • Visualization of technology and democracy intersection
    Article
    Realizing the Potential Gains of AI-Enabled Deliberative Democracy

    Democratic institutions currently lack the capacity needed to govern AI-augmented deliberation in ways that serve democratic imperatives.

      • Micah Weinberg headshot

      Micah Weinberg

  • wide shot of the city of Dakar by the water
    Commentary
    Senegal: An Island of Resilience

    During our visit, we observed a democracy that has learned from its difficult past and is working toward an even more dynamic future.

      • Sarah Yerkes

      Sarah Yerkes, Natalie Triche

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie global logo, stacked
1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC, 20036-2103Phone: 202 483 7600
  • Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
  • Donate
  • Programs
  • Events
  • Blogs
  • Podcasts
  • Contact
  • Annual Reports
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Government Resources
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.