In order to better understand the drivers of the energy productivity of oil production, it is possible to apply a detailed field-level engineering model of oil and gas production to estimate energy requirements of drilling, producing, processing, and transporting crude oil.

U.S. shale producers don’t have the power that Saudi Arabia has wielded over the world oil market, but they have brought a new era of competition.

Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming are stocked with about every type of unconventional oil known today. The states are also ground zero for new oil and water challenges.