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{
  "authors": [
    "Togzhan Kassenova",
    "Bryan R. Early"
  ],
  "type": "other",
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    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
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  "programAffiliation": "NPP",
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    "Nuclear Policy"
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Countering the Challenges of Proliferation Financing

The private sector, governments, and international bodies can counter illicit proliferators’ exploitation of the international financial system in their efforts to acquire weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery.

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By Togzhan Kassenova and Bryan R. Early
Published on Jul 31, 2023
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Program

Nuclear Policy

The Nuclear Policy Program aims to reduce the risk of nuclear war. Our experts diagnose acute risks stemming from technical and geopolitical developments, generate pragmatic solutions, and use our global network to advance risk-reduction policies. Our work covers deterrence, disarmament, arms control, nonproliferation, and nuclear energy.

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Center for Policy Research, University at Albany

About the Authors

Togzhan Kassenova
Togzhan Kassenova

Former Nonresident Fellow, Nuclear Policy Program

Kassenova was a nonresident fellow in the Nuclear Policy Program at the Carnegie Endowment.

Bryan R. Early

Authors

Togzhan Kassenova
Former Nonresident Fellow, Nuclear Policy Program
Togzhan Kassenova
Bryan R. Early
SecurityNuclear Policy

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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