Why Has Kazakhstan’s President Sacked His Government?

What’s happening?

On February 21, Kazakhstani President Nursultan Nazarbayev sacked his entire government. He scolded former cabinet members and regional governors for failing to address social problems or shore up the country’s social safety net. The decision comes amid growing popular anger over declining living standards, sparked by an early February house fire in the Kazakh capital that killed five children. 

Nazarbayev frequently rotates his cabinet. But this mass dismissal was unprecedented in scale, as was his sharp criticism of the outgoing officials. It suggests that Nazarbayev sees an urgent need to appear decisive and divert attention away from rising socioeconomic dissatisfaction and his failed promises to improve the quality of life for average citizens in the country. In an effort to scapegoat his cabinet, Nazarbayev cited its failure to implement his decrees to create economic opportunities for the poor and middle class, diversify the economy, or improve the rule of law. 

Why does it matter?

In his New Year’s address less than two months ago, Nazarbayev highlighted how the country’s quality of life, housing, and public transport have improved under his leadership. Yet average citizens do not feel these benefits. Despite years of high growth, Kazakhstan’s economy is struggling, even after oil prices recovered from the lows of 2015–2016. Economic growth is lethargic and wealth is unevenly distributed. Several rounds of currency devaluations in 2014 and 2015 wiped out the emerging middle class’ savings, and people continue to feel the pinch. Long a destination for migrant labor from other Central Asian countries, some Kazakhstani citizens are now leaving for economic opportunities abroad. 

What’s next?

Kazakhstan is witnessing an uptick in nationalist sentiment and anger, as average Kazakhs grow dissatisfied with the status quo. Protests and criticism of the government on social media have likely put an end to rumors of an early election being held in 2019. Instead, the government will probably seek to increase spending on housing, education, health care, and support for families with children. It once again will pledge to diversify the economy away from hydrocarbons and fight corruption. 

Nazarbayev has made similar pledges in the past. Yet his government has repeatedly failed to implement its own ambitious plans for political, economic, and social reform. Although Nazarbayev himself continues to enjoy popular legitimacy from his decades as leader of Kazakhstan, the system he put in place is experiencing a credibility crisis.