• Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Global logoCarnegie lettermark logo
DemocracyIran
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Tarunima Prabhakar",
    "Connie Moon Sehat",
    "Aleksei Kaminski"
  ],
  "type": "legacyinthemedia",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
    "Carnegie India"
  ],
  "collections": [],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie India",
  "programAffiliation": "",
  "programs": [],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [],
  "topics": [
    "Technology"
  ]
}
REQUIRED IMAGE

REQUIRED IMAGE

In The Media
Carnegie India

Ethical Approaches to Closed Messaging Research: Considerations in Democratic Contexts

“Closed” messaging apps such as WhatsApp, Signal and Telegram have grown in reach and adoption in recent years and have transformed elections-related communications. However, understanding their impact upon larger public discussion poses a conundrum for researchers.

Link Copied
By Tarunima Prabhakar, Connie Moon Sehat, Aleksei Kaminski
Published on Mar 15, 2021

Carter Center

About the Authors

Tarunima Prabhakar

Former Nonresident Scholar, Carnegie India

Tarunima Prabhakar is a researcher working at the intersection of technology, policy, and global development.

Connie Moon Sehat

Aleksei Kaminski

Authors

Tarunima Prabhakar
Former Nonresident Scholar, Carnegie India
Connie Moon Sehat
Aleksei Kaminski
Technology

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

  • Data center being constructed in Sterling, Virginia.
    Paper
    The Compute Coalition: How to Build the Future of AI in the Free World

    AI infrastructure will shape the global balance of power. Democracies have a narrow window to pull ahead.

      • Teddy Tawil

      Alasdair Phillips-Robins, Teddy Tawil, Sam Winter-Levy

  • E coli
    Collection
    Mirror Life Policy Working Group

    Mirror life is an unprecedented risk that demands action. The Mirror Life Policy Working Group is developing recommendations for guiding and governing the pursuit of beneficial mirror biology while preventing the creation of mirror life.

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Russia’s Elite Conflict Over Internet Restrictions Does Not Herald Regime Collapse

    A much-discussed disagreement over internet restrictions in Russia was never an existential threat for Putin: It was about elite groups protecting their interests.  

      Alexandra Prokopenko

  • Trump and Bessent sitting next to each other
    Commentary
    Emissary
    Trump’s AI Order Won’t Stymie U.S. Competition with China

    Beijing regulated AI—and then Chinese AI companies took off.

      Matt Sheehan

  • Aerial view of large data center buildings next to single-family houses
    Commentary
    Emissary
    Are Data Centers the Villains in the Battle Over Electricity?

    Examples from Virginia and Lake Tahoe reveal complex situations that governments could use to fund critical grid upgrades.

      • Noah  Gordon ​​​​

      Kate Gordon, Noah Gordon

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie global logo, stacked
1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC, 20036-2103Phone: 202 483 7600
  • Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
  • Donate
  • Programs
  • Events
  • Blogs
  • Podcasts
  • Contact
  • Annual Reports
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Government Resources
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.