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{
  "authors": [
    "Francis Fukuyama"
  ],
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    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
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  "topics": [
    "Climate Change"
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In The Media

How to Think about Climate Policy

With regard to the first issue, some learning has taken place. There seems to be general recognition that punitive policies to reduce emissions don’t generally work. This is why cap-and-trade was implemented in Europe and in US states like California in preference to the economists’ favorite carbon tax solution.

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By Francis Fukuyama
Published on Jan 17, 2023
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Democracy, Conflict, and Governance

The Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program is a leading source of independent policy research, writing, and outreach on global democracy, conflict, and governance. It analyzes and seeks to improve international efforts to reduce democratic backsliding, mitigate conflict and violence, overcome political polarization, promote gender equality, and advance pro-democratic uses of new technologies.

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American Purpose

About the Author

Francis Fukuyama

Former Nonresident Scholar, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Francis Fukuyama was a nonresident scholar in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where his research focuses on democratization and international political economy.

Francis Fukuyama
Former Nonresident Scholar, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Francis Fukuyama
Climate Change

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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