• Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Global logoCarnegie lettermark logo
DemocracyIran
  • Donate
Avoiding the Fall: China’s Economic Restructuring
Book

Avoiding the Fall: China’s Economic Restructuring

Beijing has no choice but to take significant steps to restructure its economy. The only question is how to proceed.

Link Copied
By Michael Pettis
Published on Sep 24, 2013

Additional Links

BriefKindle - $9.99iTunes - $9.99Nook - $10.49Paperback - $19.95
Program mobile hero image

Program

Asia

The Asia Program in Washington studies disruptive security, governance, and technological risks that threaten peace, growth, and opportunity in the Asia-Pacific region, including a focus on China, Japan, and the Korean peninsula.

Learn More

Source: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

The days of rapid economic growth in China are over. Mounting debt and rising internal distortions mean that rebalancing is inevitable. Beijing has no choice but to take significant steps to restructure its economy. The only question is how to proceed.

Michael Pettis debunks the lingering bullish expectations for China’s economic rise and details Beijing’s options. The urgent task of shifting toward greater domestic consumption will come with political costs, but Beijing must increase household income and reduce its reliance on investment to avoid a fall.

Advance Praise

INCXYZ[dis_AuthorBox1.cfm]INCZYX“Michael Pettis combines deep personal knowledge of China with a remarkably broad perspective on economic and financial history generally. This lets him embed the China story in a larger framework of global imbalances, so the reader can see the U.S. subprime crisis, the European sovereign crisis, and the current stresses in China as all part of one massive, global rebalancing.”
—David Beim, Professor of Professional Practice, Columbia Business School

“Pettis probes deeply into the widening cracks in China’s ‘miracle’ economy and lays bare the tough choices that Beijing faces if it is to repair them, demolishing some popular myths and misconceptions about both China and economics. Insightful and compellingly argued, this well-timed book is a valuable key to understanding why the engine that has propelled China’s thirty-year ascent is now threatened with power failure.”
—Guy de Jonquières, Senior Fellow, European Centre for International Political Economy

“Over the past several years, Pettis has been a rare level-headed China observer who has kept his focus on accounting identities and hard economic constraints. Long before it became mainstream, he maintained that China’s economic growth model was unsustainable. In this highly insightful and forward-looking book, Pettis argues that the major uncertainty regarding the rebalancing of China’s economy is not whether but how it will unfold. He applies his characteristic logic and analytical rigor to delineate the range of realistic economic scenarios. It’s a fascinating and provocative read for anyone interested in China’s economy.”
—JC de Swaan, Lecturer in Economics, Princeton University and Principal, Cornwall Capital

“Can China make it past the middle-income trap? Having lived and taught in Beijing for more than a decade, Pettis is uniquely qualified to address this and many other key issues. Don't miss this book.”
—Arminio Fraga Neto, Former President, Central Bank of Brazil

About the Author

Michael Pettis

Nonresident Senior Fellow, Carnegie China

Michael Pettis is a nonresident senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. An expert on China’s economy, Pettis is professor of finance at Peking University’s Guanghua School of Management, where he specializes in Chinese financial markets. 

    Recent Work

  • Commentary
    What GDP Means in a Soft Budget Economy Like China

      Michael Pettis

  • Commentary
    What’s New about Involution?

      Michael Pettis

Michael Pettis
Nonresident Senior Fellow, Carnegie China
Michael Pettis
East AsiaChinaEconomyTrade

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    What Does Nuclear Proliferation in East Asia Mean for Russia?

    Troubled by the growing salience of nuclear debates in East Asia, Moscow has responded in its usual way: with condemnation and threats. But by exacerbating insecurity, Russia is forcing South Korea and Japan to consider radical security options.

      James D.J. Brown

  • Vietnam's Top Leader To Lam meets with young representatives from China and Vietnam participating in the "Red Study Tours" at the Great Hall of the People on April 15, 2026 in Beijing, China. T
    Commentary
    Why Vietnam Is Swinging in China’s Direction

    Hanoi and Beijing have long treated each other as distant cousins rather than comrades in arms. That might be changing as both sides draw closer to hedge against uncertainty and America’s erratic behavior.

      • Nguyen-khac-giang

      Nguyễn Khắc Giang

  • Humanoid robots follow technicians to learn job skills at the data collection area of an embodied AI robot innovation center on September 14, 2025 in Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province of China.
    Paper
    The AI Labor Debate: Three Views on the Future of Work

    AI could hollow out jobs, reshape them gradually, create entirely new ones—or do all three at once. The case for starting to act now doesn’t depend on knowing which.

      • Teddy Tawil

      Teddy Tawil

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    Russia’s Coal Industry Is Running on Borrowed Time

    Powerful lobbyists and inertia led to Russia’s coal-mining sector missing an excellent opportunity to solve its structural problems.

      Alexey Gusev

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    What’s Having More Impact on Russian Oil Export Revenues: Ukrainian Strikes or Rising Prices?

    Although Ukrainian strikes have led to a noticeable decline in the physical volume of Russian oil exports, the rise in prices has more than made up for it.

      • Sergey Vakulenko

      Sergey Vakulenko

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie global logo, stacked
1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC, 20036-2103Phone: 202 483 7600
  • Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
  • Donate
  • Programs
  • Events
  • Blogs
  • Podcasts
  • Contact
  • Annual Reports
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Government Resources
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.