Sven Behrendt
{
"authors": [
"Sven Behrendt"
],
"type": "legacyinthemedia",
"centerAffiliationAll": "",
"centers": [
"Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
"Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center"
],
"collections": [],
"englishNewsletterAll": "",
"nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
"primaryCenter": "Malcolm H. Kerr Carnegie Middle East Center",
"programAffiliation": "",
"programs": [],
"projects": [],
"regions": [
"Egypt",
"Gulf",
"Levant",
"Maghreb"
],
"topics": [
"Economy"
]
}Source: Getty
Beyond Santiago: Status and Prospects
Implementation of the Santiago Principles is highly uneven and there is still far to go if sovereign wealth funds are to be responsible members of the global economy.
Source: Central Banking

The purpose of the Santiago Principles is to identify a framework of generally accepted principles and practices that reflect appropriate governance and accountability arrangements, as well as prudent investment practices by sovereign wealth funds. Three aspects relating to the Santiago Principles warrant closer examination and will be discussed in this article: first, why did sovereign wealth funds find it necessary to develop and associate themselves with the Santiago Principles? Second, what is the status of the principles as a new approach to global financial governance? And third, how robust are the Santiago Principles and can they contribute to a stable global financial system and a free flow of capital and investments?
About the Author
Former Visiting Scholar, Middle East Center
Behrendt is an expert in global issues, international negotiations, conflict resolution, and corporate strategy. He previously served at the World Economic Forum in various management positions.
- Sovereign Wealth Funds and the Santiago Principles: Where Do They Stand?Paper
- Sovereign Wealth Funds: The Governance ChallengeArticle
Sven Behrendt
Recent Work
More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- The Channels of China’s Currency Promotion in Gulf MarketsCommentary
Is the Gulf moving beyond the dollar? This article examines how China is expanding the renminbi's role across Gulf markets, what that means for regional finance, and why the future of global currencies is more complex than the de-dollarization debate suggests.
Andrew Bonney
- Unlocking India’s Urban DividendArticle
As India undergoes a demographic transition, its cities will be its economic powerhouse—but only if it accurately captures city growth and empowers cities to support their citizens.
Apoorva Jadhav
- Affordability Is the Top Issue on California’s November BallotCommentary
Direct democracy is the political wildcard in the state’s midterm election.
Mark Baldassare, Ian Klaus
- The Hormuz Conflict and the Limits of Renminbi InternationalizationPaper
Potential Strait of Hormuz transit “fees” and Iran’s renminbi use are bringing attention to Beijing’s push to become a “financial power,” particularly in energy markets. Underdeveloped aspects of China’s financial system and its dollar dependencies still constrain the renminbi’s geoeconomic significance, but recent events may spur policy shifts aimed at changing these dynamics.
Robert Greene
- Egypt’s Military Landlord Economy and its LimitationsPaper
The armed forces champion a form of capitalism that is generating revenue, but its reliance on rent faces diminishing returns, leaving the country with massive sunk costs and deferred returns, deepening dependency on external borrowing.
Yezid Sayigh