Source: New York Times

The euro crisis is damaging Europe’s media. In Germany, a leading newspaper closed and another newspaper has been placed in receivership. Many newspapers are cutting back on staff for lack of advertising. Reporting will suffer, say editors.

The media face similar economic difficulties in other countries. But media owners and journalists are coming under another kind of pressure too in Europe: political pressure.

In my latest Letter From Europe, I write about the threat that corruption poses to Europe, and the news media are not immune.

The former French president Nicolas Sarkozy was accused of trying to rein in newspapers that criticized him. In Italy, Silvio Berlusconi’s media empire continues to exert an immense influence on public opinion.

In the Balkans, journalists regularly complain about the local business bosses threatening to withdraw advertising if papers criticize their companies or uncover corruption.

Interference is prevalent in Latvia and Ukraine, according to Thorbjorn Jagland, secretary general of the Council of Europe, the pan-European human rights organization.

In both countries, oligarchs, who are also parliamentarians, own the media, dictate the editorial line and do everything possible to prevent investigations into corruption.

Even if corruption cases are published, in Ukraine, the courts will not take action. ‘‘The judiciary is not independent enough,’’ Mr. Jagland said. That, he added, makes it even more difficult to deal with corruption, the subject of my latest Letter from Europe.

So what can be done to preserve the independence of the media and ensure competition?

The European Commission recently set up a panel to see how newspapers and media groups could be protected from political influence. It is also charged with finding ways to ensure that the media do not abuse their power.

Mr. Jagland believes the E.U. is taking the wrong path to reform. Self-regulation is preferable to control or bureaucratic oversight, he said, lest press freedom be undermined.

Self-regulation is easier said than done. It can work in strong democracies. But in Ukraine, Latvia and indeed, Italy, the power of the oligarchs or big media conglomerates negates self-regulation.

This article originally appeared in the New York Times.