• Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
Carnegie Global logoCarnegie lettermark logo
DemocracyIran
  • Donate
{
  "authors": [
    "Rachel Kleinfeld"
  ],
  "type": "other",
  "centerAffiliationAll": "dc",
  "centers": [
    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
  ],
  "collections": [
    "Anti-Corruption"
  ],
  "englishNewsletterAll": "democracy",
  "nonEnglishNewsletterAll": "",
  "primaryCenter": "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace",
  "programAffiliation": "DCG",
  "programs": [
    "Democracy, Conflict, and Governance"
  ],
  "projects": [],
  "regions": [],
  "topics": [
    "Political Reform",
    "Democracy"
  ]
}

Source: Getty

Other

Back from the Brink: How Some of the World’s Most Violent, Corrupt, and Crime-Infested Countries Have Bounced Back

The world today seems engulfed in violence, from terror in the Middle East to near-daily mass shootings in America. In reality, most countries today are far safer than in the past.

Link Copied
By Rachel Kleinfeld
Published on Feb 23, 2016
Program mobile hero image

Program

Democracy, Conflict, and Governance

The Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program is a leading source of independent policy research, writing, and outreach on global democracy, conflict, and governance. It analyzes and seeks to improve international efforts to reduce democratic backsliding, mitigate conflict and violence, overcome political polarization, promote gender equality, and advance pro-democratic uses of new technologies.

Learn More

Source: Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University

The world today seems engulfed in violence, from ISIS-inspired terror in the Middle East, to near-daily mass shootings in America. In reality, most countries today are far safer than in the past. But some places are stuck in cycles of extreme, compounded violence, where terrorists, gangs, organized crime, regular crime, and state brutality create a pall of fear over daily life.

What makes some countries so violent? How have some countries managed to move from extremes of bloodshed to freedom from fear?  What can the findings tell us about countries caught in the throes of violence today?

Over the past three years, 2015-16 CASBS fellow Rachel Kleinfeld conducted field research on every settled continent to answer those questions. In her CASBS symposium lecture, she discussed the themes and findings of her forthcoming book.  

"As I traveled from the former Soviet Union to Colombia, West Africa to Sicily, patterns started to emerge in how countries got better," said Kleinfeld. "Bringing down violence turned out to be a spiral: Countries got better in some ways, but those very successes caused new problems. The path was not what I expected - and certainly not what I wanted to find. But it kept repeating. Clearly, there was a way out of violence, but it was hard and morally murky."

Kleinfeld’s findings provide a path for policymakers and people wishing to make change in their own countries that has worked in the past, and, she believes, could work again.

This presentation was originally broadcast by the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University.

About the Author

Rachel Kleinfeld

Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program

Rachel Kleinfeld is a senior fellow in Carnegie’s Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program, where she focuses on issues of rule of law, security, and governance in democracies experiencing polarization, violence, and other governance problems.

    Recent Work

  • Testimony
    Civil Society Repression Internationally and Historically Within the United States

      Rachel Kleinfeld

  • Paper
    For Expertise to Matter, Nonpartisan Institutions Need New Communications Strategies

      Renée DiResta, Rachel Kleinfeld

Rachel Kleinfeld
Senior Fellow, Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program
Rachel Kleinfeld
Political ReformDemocracy

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace

  • Residents and protesters chant national songs and raise their fists as they gather for a civil society rally demanding the resignation of President Andry Rajoelina and paying tribute to the victims of the protests in Antananarivo, on October 13, 2025
    Article
    How Anger Over Corruption Keeps Driving Global Politics

    As public anger over corruption drives protests, election outcomes, and regime change around the world, the Donald Trump administration is disconnecting U.S. policy from this defining feature of global politics.

      • McKenzie Carrier

      Thomas Carothers, McKenzie Carrier

  • Commentary
    Sada
    Digital Dissent in Morocco: A Sociological Analysis of the Generation Z Movement

    From anime heroes to online gaming communities, Morocco’s Gen Z is building a new protest culture. What does this digital imagination reveal about youth politics, and how should institutions respond?

      Abdelilah Farah

  • Commentary
    Carnegie Politika
    After Ilia II: What Will a New Patriarch Mean for Georgia?

    The front-runner to succeed Ilia II, Metropolitan Shio, is prone to harsh anti-Western rhetoric and frequent criticism of “liberal ideologies” that he claims threaten the Georgian state. This raises fears that under his leadership the Georgian Orthodox Church will lose its unifying role and become an instrument of ultraconservative ideology.

      Bashir Kitachaev

  • Gen Z United activists hold a demonstration in Kathmandu, Nepal, on September 8 and 9, 2025, under the banner ''Don't Forget the Blood of Martyrs,'' honoring protest martyrs and demanding justice and accountability for those killed during past movements.
    Article
    Gen Z Protests Across Asia Offer a Delicate but Renewed Democratic Order

    A disconnect between Gen Z citizenry and older rulers has fueled massive demonstrations. What are the key issues and how is protest energy translating into electoral change?

      • Usama Khilji

      Usama Khilji

  • Commentary
    Is the Radical-Right Threat Existential or Overstated?

    Amid increased polarization and the influence of disinformation, radical-right parties are once again gaining traction across Europe. With landmark elections on the horizon in several countries, are the EU’s geostrategic vision and fundamental values under existential threat?

      Catherine Fieschi, Cas Mudde

Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie global logo, stacked
1779 Massachusetts Avenue NWWashington, DC, 20036-2103Phone: 202 483 7600Fax: 202 483 1840
  • Research
  • Emissary
  • About
  • Experts
  • Donate
  • Programs
  • Events
  • Blogs
  • Podcasts
  • Contact
  • Annual Reports
  • Careers
  • Privacy
  • For Media
  • Government Resources
Get more news and analysis from
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
© 2026 Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. All rights reserved.