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    "Sophia Besch"
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    "Carnegie Endowment for International Peace"
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In The Media

Cooperation and Integration: Why Vilnius is also about EU

The Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022 is widely said to have transformed European defense, aligning threat perceptions, raising defense budgets, and focusing political will.

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By Sophia Besch
Published on Jul 5, 2023
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Europe

The Europe Program in Washington explores the political and security developments within Europe, transatlantic relations, and Europe’s global role. Working in coordination with Carnegie Europe in Brussels, the program brings together U.S. and European policymakers and experts on strategic issues facing Europe.

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Italian Institute for International Political Studies (ISPI)

About the Author

Sophia Besch

Senior Fellow, Europe Program

Sophia Besch is a senior fellow in the Europe Program at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Her research focuses on European foreign and defense policy.

    Recent Work

  • Paper
    Will American Power in Europe Run Out?

      Sophia Besch, Tara Varma

  • Q&A
    Ahead of the Ankara Summit, NATO’s Mood Has Changed
      • Nate Reynolds
      • +1

      Sophia Besch, Alper Coşkun, Nate Reynolds, …

Sophia Besch
Senior Fellow, Europe Program
Sophia Besch
Political ReformRussiaEastern EuropeUkraineWestern EuropeIran

Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.

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