Article
Marina Ottaway, Omar Hossino
REQUIRED IMAGE
Paper
Democracy and Constituencies in the Arab World
Published on Jul 12, 2004
Source: Carnegie
Summary
The central dilemma of Democratic reform in Arab countries can be summed up fairly simply. Presidents and kings remain too powerful, untrammeled by the limits imposed by effective parliaments and independent judiciaries. Countervailing institutions remain weak, if they exist at all, not only because constitutions and laws deliberately keep them that way, but also because they are not backed by organized citizens demanding political rights, participation, and government accountability. This does not mean that there is no desire for democracy on the part of Arab publics. The demand, or better the desire, for democracy is present in the Arab world today; what is lacking is a supply of broad-based political organizations pushing for democracy—political parties, social movements, labor unions, large civic organizations. Unless such constituencies develop, the future of democracy remains extremely uncertain.
Click on link above for the full text of this Carnegie Paper.
Also in the Middle East series:
About the Author
Marina Ottaway is senior associate in the Democracy and Rule of Law Project at the Carnegie Endowment. She is the author of more then six books, including Democracy Challenged: The Rise of Semi-Authoritarianism.
About the Author
Marina Ottaway
Former Senior Associate, Middle East Program
Before joining the Endowment, Ottaway carried out research in Africa and in the Middle East for many years and taught at the University of Addis Ababa, the University of Zambia, the American University in Cairo, and the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa.
- Reactions to the Syrian National Initiative
- Slow Return to Normal Politics in EgyptArticle
Marina Ottaway
Recent Work
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
More Work from Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
- After the Midterm Rout, Can Trump Change Course Without Giving Up Tariffs?Commentary
Even if the administration maintains its broader trade policy, it should use tariffs more strategically and work with U.S. partners, not against them.
Barbara Weisel
- Life After Subsidies: The Hidden Struggles of Women Entrepreneurs in YemenCommentary
Safa Naser
- What the New Democratic Congress Can (and Can’t) Do on Foreign PolicyCommentary
Democrats now have the gavel and the purse, but the executive branch still pulls the levers on the U.S. role in the world.
- +10
James M. Acton, Dan Baer, Mark Baldassare, …
- Is Russia Winning the Perception War in Germany?Commentary
In Germany, competing perceptions of Russia are highlighting a tension between public opinion and government policy. In the country’s east, where division is widespread, populist parties are taking advantage.
Gwendolyn Sasse
- Energy Turmoil Puts the Gulf of Guinea Back on the MapArticle
Two decades since Washington elevated West African oil as a strategic priority, the frontier has reemerged as a promising alternative for U.S. energy security.
Judd Devermont, Gabrielle Posner
