It’s time to build momentum, and Ankara is the venue of the next opportune diplomatic window to do this.
Alper Coşkun, Garo Paylan
Despite the huge differences in the current naval capabilities of China, India, and the United States, the three countries are locked in a triangular struggle destined to mold the future Indo-Pacific.
Source: Washington

Invoking a tale from Hindu mythology—Samudra Manthan or “to churn the ocean”—C. Raja Mohan tells the story of a Sino-Indian rivalry spilling over from the Great Himalayas into the Indian and Pacific Oceans. He examines the prospects of mitigating the tensions and constructing a stable Indo-Pacific order.
America, the dominant power in the area, is being drawn into the unfolding Sino-Indian competition. Despite the huge differences in the current naval capabilities of China, India, and the United States, Mohan argues that the three countries are locked in a triangular struggle destined to mold the future Indo-Pacific.
“Samudra Manthan offers deep insights into the emerging Indo-Pacific theatre as the rising maritime profiles of India and China begin to intersect. Raja Mohan’s perceptive analysis of the U.S. role in shaping Sino-Indian rivalry is a valuable contribution to the debate on changing great power relations in Asia and its waters.”
—Shyam Saran, former foreign secretary and special envoy of the prime minister of India
"Mohan’s realist approach to the Sino-Indian competition in the Pacific and Indian Oceans merits serious reflection. His penetrating strategic analysis underlines the importance of the two Asian powers dispelling mutual suspicion and stabilizing the oceans in our rapidly changing world."
—Shen Dingli, professor of American Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai
“C. Raja Mohan demonstrates once again why he is India's finest strategic thinker. In Samudra Manthan, he explores a complex issue, namely the prospect for a serious Sino-Indian naval rivalry in the Indian Ocean, well ahead of its time. As the United States sustains its own strategic rebalancing towards the Indo-Pacific, Mohan's judicious and balanced analysis bears close reading not only for its insights into how the evolving naval contestation between China and India promises to intensify their existing security competition but also how American choices will shape, and be shaped by, the outcomes produced by this encounter.”
—Ashley J. Tellis, senior associate, South Asia Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
Carnegie does not take institutional positions on public policy issues; the views represented herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of Carnegie, its staff, or its trustees.
It’s time to build momentum, and Ankara is the venue of the next opportune diplomatic window to do this.
Alper Coşkun, Garo Paylan
The EU is putting together a new security strategy to meet today’s myriad challenges. But for any proposal to be effective, the union needs to grapple with its identity and ambitions.
Pierre Vimont
Three years after the Ohrid Agreement, Kosovo and Serbia remain far from normalization. To revive implementation, the EU should abandon its ambiguity and act as an even-handed arbitrator.
Miloš Pavković, Fitim Gashi, Iliriana Gjoni, …
The Islamic Republic’s words and actions suggest that it has changed its approach to both diplomacy and war.
Mohammad Ayatollahi Tabaar
The EU’s new migration policy is not suited to today’s realities. With climate change increasingly becoming a driver of displacement, Europe needs to rethink its deterrence-focused approach.
Shana Tabak